Decentring international and institutional famine relief in late nineteenth-century China: in search of the local
Abstract
This article uses rural gazetteer biographies to examine village and household-level
famine relief during the great North China Famine of 1876–9 to deepen our
understanding of past relief methods and dynamics at the most local level. Despite the
appearance of major works recently on famine in modern China, particularly on the
Great Leap Forward, knowledge of Chinese famine relief remains thin and scattered
considering the enormity of the subject. Nineteenth-century China saw intensifying
international relief activity as well as the emergence of a vibrant charity-relief sector
based in China’s major cities, leading to the rise of prominent relief institutions in the
twentieth century, such as the Chinese Red Cross. But the increasingly intense disasters
of China’s modern period also saw a surprising persistence of local humanitarian
traditions still barely covered by historians.