Inequality and sustainability in a healing and fragmented European Union

Georg Feigl (1) , Markus Marterbauer , Miriam Rehm (2) , Matthias Schnetzer , Sepp Zuckerstätter , Lars Nørvang Andersen (3) , Thea Nissen , Signe Dahl , Peter Hohlfeld , Benjamin Lojak , Thomas Theobald , Achim Truger , Andrew Watt , Guillaume Allegre (4) , Céline Antonin (4) , Christophe Blot (4) , Jérôme Creel (4) , Bruno Ducoudre (4) , Paul Hubert (4) , Sabine Lebayon , Sandrine Levasseur (4) , Hélène Périvier (4) , Raul Sampognaro (4) , Aurélien Saussay (4) , Vincent Touzé (4) , Sébastien Villemot (4, 5, 6, 7) , Xavier Timbeau (4)

1 Institute of Anatomy
2 Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen]
3 Aarhus University [Aarhus]
4 OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po)
5 PSE - Paris School of Economics
6 PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques
7 CEPREMAP - Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications

As we will see in this chapter, there has been some improvement in the European Labour market in the last couple of years. However, unemployment remains high, especially long-term and youth unemployment. This raises the question of human capital depreciation, stigmatisation and unemployment hysteresis. At the same time both inequality and poverty are continuing have increased since the crisis started European economic policy barely takes into account the academic consensus that measurement of economic performance and social progress is necessary and has to go beyond GDP. To facilitate evidence-based well-being oriented economic policy, we need to reform the European Economic Governance and to establish some kind of sustainable development indicators (SDI) to measure progress beyond economic growth. The SDIs should take into account the protection of the natural capital and social justice to help define and improve policies. SDIs show reasons for optimism in some areas, while substantial progress needs to be done in other areas, including poverty. The chapter shows a very heterogeneous Europe in terms of unemployment, inequality and sustainability. Therefore, both EU as a whole and the dispersion between countries are analyzed in this chapter.

Mots clés: European Labour Market; Unemployment; European Economic Policy

Domaines: Economies et finances

Georg Feigl, Markus Marterbauer, Miriam Rehm, Matthias Schnetzer, Sepp Zuckerstätter, et al.. Inequality and sustainability in a healing and fragmented European Union: Chapter 2. Revue de l'OFCE, 2016, IAGS 2017, pp.57-90. ⟨hal-03604798⟩