Federalism, Paradiplomacy and Foreign Policy: A Case of Mutual Neglect
Abstract
Paradiplomacy, federalism and international negotiation are increasingly prevalent
phenomena that require more theoretical attention. Successful mobilization of noncentral
governments has increased their relevance on the international stage. The rise
of paradiplomacy complicates conditions for both international negotiation and the
formulation of foreign policy in federal regimes. Westphalian state diplomacy is finding
it increasingly difficult to cope with the proliferation of ad hoc and informal arrangements
that bind non-central governments. The international arena is inhabited
by an ever larger number of players that sometimes have significant autonomy from
the central state.