C. H. Achen and L. M. Bartels, Democracy for Realists: Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government, 2016.

J. H. Aldrich and R. D. Mckelvey, A method of scaling with applications to the 1968 and 1972 presidential elections, American Political Science Review, vol.71, pp.111-130, 1977.

S. Barnes, Representation in Italy, 1977.

M. Becher and S. Brouard, Executive Accountability Beyond Outcomes: Experimental Evidence on Public Evaluations of Powerful Prime Ministers, American Journal of Political Research. forthcoming, 2020.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02951130

C. Bickerton and C. I. Accetti, Populism and technocracy: opposites or complements?, Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, vol.20, pp.186-206, 2017.

A. Blais and M. A. Bodet, Does Proportional Representation Foster Closer Congruence Between Citizens and Policy Makers?, Comparative Political Studies, vol.39, pp.1243-1262, 2006.

S. Brouard, Les effets de la loi interdisant le cumul de fonctions exécutives locales et des mandats parlementaires sur le renouvellement du personnel politique, LIEPP Policy Brief, vol.32, 2017.

I. Budge and D. J. Farlie, Explaining and Predicting Elections: Issue Effects and Party Strategies in Twenty-Three Democracies, 1983.

I. Budge and M. D. Mcdonald, Election and party system effects on policy representation: Bringing time into a comparative perspective, Electoral Studies, vol.26, pp.168-179, 2007.

E. Burke, Speech to the Electors of Bristol, 1774.

A. Campbell, P. E. Converse, W. E. Miller, and D. E. Stokes, The American Voter, 1960.

E. G. Carmines and J. A. Stimson, The Two Faces of Issue Voting, American Political Science Review, vol.74, pp.78-91, 1980.

J. J. Coleman, Party Decline in America: Policy, Politics, and the Fiscal State, 1996.

P. E. Converse, The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics, Ideology and Discontent, 1964.

P. E. Converse, Attitudes and non-attitudes: Continuation of a dialogue, The quantitative analysis of social problems, 1970.

P. E. Converse, W. E. Miller, J. G. Rusk, and A. C. Wolfe, Continuity and Change in American Politics: Parties and Issues in the 1968 Election, American Political Science Review, vol.63, pp.1083-1105, 1969.

P. E. Converse and R. Pierce, Political Representation in France, 1986.

R. Dahl, A Preface to Democratic Theory, 1956.

R. J. Dalton, Democratic Challenges, Democratic Choices: The Erosion of Political Support in advanced Industrial Democracies, 2007.

R. J. Dalton, The Quantity and the Quality of Party Systems: Party System Polarization, its Measurement, and its Consequences, Comparative Political Studies, vol.41, pp.899-920, 2008.

R. J. Dalton and M. P. Wattenberg, Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, 2000.

L. Diamond and L. Morlino, Assessing the Quality of Democracy, 2005.

A. Downs, An economic theory of democracy, 1957.

R. S. Erikson, M. B. Mackuen, and J. A. Stimson, The Macro Polity, 2002.

H. Eulau, J. C. Wahlke, W. Buchanan, and L. C. Ferguson, The Role of the Representative: Some Empirical Observations on the Theory of Edmund Burke, American Political Science Review, vol.53, pp.742-756, 1959.

S. Feldman and P. J. Conover, Candidates, Issues and Voters : The Role of Inference in Political Perception, The Journal of Politics, vol.45, pp.810-839, 1983.

M. Foucault and S. Brouard, Préférences budgétaires des citoyens: résultats d'une expérience en ligne, LIEPP Policy Brief, vol.34, 2017.

M. Golder and J. Stramski, Ideological Congruence and Electoral Institutions, American Journal of Political Science, vol.54, pp.90-106, 2010.

E. Grossman and N. Sauger, Pourquoi détestons-nous autant nos politiques?, 2017.

T. E. Higgins and G. King, Accessibility of social constructs: Informationprocessing consequences of individuals and contextual variability, 1981.

J. D. Huber and G. B. Powell, Congruence between Citizens and Policymakers in two Visions of Liberal Democracy, World Politics, vol.46, pp.291-326, 1994.

S. Iyengar, Shortcuts to Political Knowledge: Selective Attention and the Accessibility Bias, Information and the Democratic Process, 1990.

V. O. Key, The Responsible Electorate: Rationality in Presidential Voting, 1936.

D. R. Kinder and D. O. Sears, Public opinion and political action, Handbook of Social Psychology, 1985.

J. A. Krosnick, The role of attitude importance in social evaluation: A study of policy preferences, presidential candidate evaluations, and voting behavior, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol.55, pp.196-210, 1988.

J. A. Krosnick, Government policy and citizen passion: A study of issue publics in contemporary, America. Political Behavior, vol.12, pp.59-92, 1990.

J. A. Krosnick and D. R. Kinder, Altering the foundations of support for the president through priming, American Political Science Review, vol.84, pp.497-512, 1990.

G. S. Lenz, Follow the Leader? How Voters Respond to Politicians' Policies and Performance, 2012.

T. J. Lowi, The End of Liberalism, 1979.

S. Lyengar and D. R. Kinder, News That Matters: Television and American Opinion, 1987.

G. Majone, The regulatory state and its legitimacy problems, 1998.

B. Manin, Principes du gouvernement représentatif, 1995.

W. E. Miller and D. E. Stokes, Constituency Influence in Congress, American Political Science Review, vol.57, pp.45-56, 1963.

T. M. Newcomb, The prediction of interpersonal attraction, American Psychologist, vol.11, pp.575-586, 1956.

T. M. Newcomb, R. H. Turner, and P. E. Converse, Social Psychology, 1965.

N. H. Nie, S. Verba, and J. R. Petrocick, The Changing American Voter, 1979.

T. M. Ostrom and T. C. Brock, Cognitive bonding to central values and resistance to a communicating change in policy orientation, Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, vol.4, pp.42-50, 1969.

C. Parsons and T. Weber, Cross-Cutting Issues and Party Strategy in the European Union, Comparative Political Studies, vol.44, pp.383-411, 2011.

S. Peltzman, Toward a more general theory of regulation, Journal of Law and Economics, vol.19, pp.211-240, 1976.

H. F. Pitkin, The Concept of Representation, 1967.

G. B. Powell, The Chain of Responsiveness, Journal of Democracy, vol.15, pp.91-105, 2004.

G. B. Powell, Political Representation in Comparative Politics, Annual Review of Political Science, vol.7, pp.273-296, 2004.

G. B. Powell and G. S. Vanberg, Election Laws, Disproportionality and Median Correspondence: Implications for Two Visions of Democracy, British Journal of Political Science, vol.30, pp.383-411, 2000.

G. B. Powell and G. D. Whitten, A cross-national analysis of economic voting: Taking account of the political context, American Journal of Political Science, vol.37, pp.391-414, 1993.

A. Przeworski, M. E. Alvarez, J. E. Cheibub, and F. Limongi, Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-being in the World, 1950.

G. Rabinowitz, J. W. Prothro, and W. Jacoby, Salience as a factor in the impact of issues on candidate evaluation, Journal of Politics, vol.44, pp.41-63, 1982.

R. Rohrschneider and S. Whitefield, The Strain of Representation: How Parties Represent Diverse Voters in Western and Eastern Europe, 2012.

J. Rovny, Who emphasizes and who blurs? Party strategies in multidimensional competition, European Union Politics, vol.13, pp.269-292, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01024577

M. J. Shapiro, Rational political man: A synthesis of economic and social psychological perspectives, American Political Science Review, vol.63, pp.1106-1119, 1969.

C. W. Sherif, Social values, attitudes, and the involvement of the self, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 1979: Beliefs, Attitudes and Values, 1980.

P. M. Sniderman, R. A. Brody, and P. E. Tetlock, Reasoning and Choice, Explorations in Political Psychology, 1991.

S. N. Soroka and C. Wlezien, Degrees of Democracy: Politics, Public Opinion, and Policy, 2010.

G. J. Stigler, The Theory of Economic Regulation, The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, vol.2, 1971.

J. Thomassen and H. Schmitt, Policy representation, European Journal of Political Research, vol.32, pp.165-184, 1997.

S. Verba and N. H. Nie, Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality, 1972.

F. Vibert, The Rise of the Unelected: Democracy and the new Separation of Powers, 2007.

M. P. Wattenberg, The Decline of American Political Parties, pp.1952-1994, 1996.

W. Wood, Retrieval of attitude-relevant information from memory: Effects on susceptibility to persuasion and on intrinsic motivation, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol.42, pp.798-810, 1982.

, Determinants of policy preferences, including media attention

, Media effect by party family and policy dimension ("doing more