The End of Ambiguity? Presidents versus Parties or the Four Phases of the Fifth Republic
Résumé
This article adopts a long-term view of the Fifth Republic. It argues that there are historically two partly contradictory readings of the institutions created by the constitution of 1958: a presidential and a partisan reading. The first grants the president the role of a consensual arbiter at the heart of the executive. The partisan reading or logic puts the parties at the centre stage of a more parliamentary political system with the president as some kind of super prime minister. Both logics have co-existed in permanent tension. The authors show that the changing balance between the two logics has determined several successive phases in the evolution of French politics. They argue that the second logic has progressively supplanted the first. The constitutional revisions of 2000 and 2008 may, moreover, have institutionalised the partisan logic and presidentialisation of the Fifth Republic.