L. Baccaro and G. Mosconi, Il girone dei dannati: ovvero il fenomeno della recidiva, Rassegna Penitenziaria e Criminologica, vol.2, pp.212-249, 2004.

P. Bayer, R. Hjalmarsson, and D. Pozen, Building Criminal Capital behind Bars: Peer Effects in Juvenile Corrections, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.124, issue.1, pp.105-147, 2009.

K. Bedard and E. Helland, The Location of Women's Prisons and the Deterrence Effect of Harder Time, International Review of Law and Economics, vol.24, pp.147-167, 2004.

G. S. Becker, Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach, Journal of Political Economy, vol.76, pp.169-217, 1968.

M. Chen, J. M. Keith, and . Shapiro, Do Harsher Prison Conditions Reduce Recidivism? A Discontinuity-Based Approach, American Law and Economics Review, vol.9, issue.1, pp.1-29, 2007.

D. Tella, R. , and E. Schargrodsky, Criminal Recidivism after Prison and Electronic Monitoring, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.

F. Drago, R. Galbiati, and P. Vertova, The Deterrent Effects of Prison: Evidence from a Natural Experiment, Journal of Political Economy, vol.117, issue.2, pp.257-80, 2009.

F. Drago, R. Galbiati, and P. Vertova, Prison Conditions and Recidivism, American Law and Economics Review, vol.13, issue.1, pp.103-133, 2011.

F. Drago and R. Galbiati, Indirect Effects of a Policy Altering Criminal Behavior: Evidence from the Italian Prison Experiment, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, vol.2, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01410558

M. S. Fleisher, H. Scott, and . Decker, An Overview of the Challenge of Prison Gangs, Corrections Management Quarterly, vol.5, issue.1, pp.1-9, 2001.

E. L. Glaeser, B. Sacerdote, and J. A. Scheinkman, Crime and Social Interactions, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.111, issue.2, pp.507-555, 1996.

E. Helland and A. Tabarrok, Does Three Strikes Deter? A Nonparametric Estimation, Journal of Human Resources, vol.22, pp.309-339, 2007.

P. T. Leeson, B. David, and . Skarbek, Criminal Constitutions". Global Crime, vol.11, issue.3, pp.279-97, 2010.

S. D. Levitt, The Effect of Prison Population Size on Crime Rates: Evidence from Prison Overcrowding Litigation, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.111, issue.2, pp.319-51, 1996.

C. F. Manski, Identification of Endogenous Social Effects: The Reflection Problem, Review of Economic Studies, vol.60, issue.3, pp.531-573, 1993.

E. Maurin and A. Ouss, Sentence Reductions and Recidivism: Lessons from the Bastille Day Quasi Experiment, vol.3, p.990, 2009.

L. Katz, S. D. Levitt, and E. Shustorovich, Prison Conditions, Capital Punishment, and Deterrence, American Law and Economics Review, vol.5, pp.318-361, 2003.

I. Kuziemko, Going Off Parole: How the Elimination of Discretionary Prison Release Affects the Social Cost of Crime, vol.13, p.380, 2007.

E. Santoro and R. Tucci, L'incidenza dell'affidamento sulla recidiva: prime indicazioni e problemi per una ricerca sistematica, Rassegna Penitenziaria e Criminologica, vol.10, issue.1, pp.79-158, 2006.

D. Skarbek, Putting the 'Con' into Constitutions: The Economics of Prison Gangs, Economics, and Organization, vol.26, issue.2, pp.183-211, 2010.

J. Waldfogel, The Effect of Criminal Conviction on Income and the Trust Reposed on Workmen, Journal of Human Resources, vol.29, pp.62-81, 1994.