C. Defeuilley, Competition and Public Service Obligations: Regulatory Rules and Industries Games, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, vol.70, issue.1, pp.25-48, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-8292.00098

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00716371

D. Monte, A. Papagni, and E. , R&D and the growth of firms: empirical analysis of a panel of Italian firms, Research Policy, vol.32, issue.6, pp.1003-1014, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00107-5

P. Dhrymes and M. Kurz, On the Dividend Policy of Electric Utilities, The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.46, issue.1, pp.76-81, 1964.
DOI : 10.2307/1924078

. Eurostaf, Les strategies de développement des compagnies européennes d'électricité Analyses et Conclusions, Collection Perspectives stratégiques et financières General Accounting Office Changes in electricity-related R&D funding, GAO/RCED- 96-203 Federal Research, 1996.

B. Hall, D. Foray, and J. Mairesse, Pitfalls in estimating the returns to corporate R&D using accounting data, First Conference on Knowledge for Growth, p.16, 2007.

J. Horbach, Determinants of environmental innovation???New evidence from German panel data sources, Research Policy, vol.37, issue.1, pp.163-173, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2007.08.006

T. Jamasb and M. Pollitt, Electricity sector liberalisation and innovation: An analysis of the UK's patenting activities, Research Policy, vol.40, issue.2, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2010.10.010

T. Jamasb and M. Pollitt, Liberalisation and R&D in network industries: The case of the electricity industry, Research Policy, vol.37, issue.6-7, pp.6-7, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2008.04.010

N. Johnstone, I. Hascic, and D. Popp, Renewable energy policies and technological innovation: evidence on patent counts, 2008.

A. Jolink and E. Niesten, Governance transformations through regulations in the electricity sector: the Dutch case, International Review of Applied Economics, vol.19, issue.4, pp.499-508, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/icc/12.4.917

R. Margolis and D. Kammen, Underinvestment: the energy technology and R&D policy challenge, Science, Energy?Viewpoint, pp.690-692, 1999.

J. Markard, B. Truffer, and D. Imboden, The Impacts of Market Liberalization on Innovation Processes in the Electricity Sector, Energy & Environment, vol.15, issue.2, pp.201-214, 2004.
DOI : 10.1260/095830504323153405

R. Nelson and E. Wolff, Factors behind cross-industry differences in technical progress, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, vol.8, issue.2, pp.205-220, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0954-349X(96)00079-3

L. Nesta and P. Saviotti, COHERENCE OF THE KNOWLEDGE BASE AND THE FIRM'S INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE U.S. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY*, Journal of Industrial Economics, vol.56, issue.3, pp.123-142, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-2681(94)90094-9

E. Salies, A test of the Schumpeterian hypothesis in a panel of European electric utilities, Edward Elgar, in Innovation, Economic Growth and the Firm: Theory and Evidence of Industrial Dynamics, 2010.

E. Salies, A measure of switching costs in the GB electricity retail market, pp.2005-2014, 2010.

P. Sanyal, The effect of deregulation on environmental research by electric utilities, Journal of Regulatory Economics, vol.37, issue.20, pp.335-353, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s11149-007-9023-2

P. Sanyal and L. R. Cohen, Powering Progress: Restructuring, Competition, and R&D in the U.S. Electric Utility Industry, The Energy Journal, vol.30, issue.2, pp.41-80, 2009.
DOI : 10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol30-No2-3

P. Sanyal and S. Gosh, Product Market Competition and Upstream Innovation: Evidence from the U.S. Electricity Market Deregulation, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.89, issue.1, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-6451.2008.00356.x

R. P. Wilder and S. R. Stansell, Determinants of Research and Development Activity by Electric Utilities, The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, vol.5, issue.2, pp.646-650, 1974.
DOI : 10.2307/3003126