I. Abu-rabi, Contemporary Arab Thought, 2004.

R. Alba and V. Nee, Remaking American Mainstream, 2003.
DOI : 10.4159/9780674020115

A. Alesina and E. Glaeser, Combattre les inégalités et la pauvreté, 2006.

L. Arnaud, Les minorités ethniques dans l'Union Européenne, 2005.

P. Berger, Le ré-enchantement du monde, 2001.

B. Bourdarbat and A. Ajbilou, Youth exclusion in Morocco, Causes, Consequences and Policies. Wolfensohn Center for Development (Washington)/DubaÏ School of Government: Middle East Youth Initiative, 2011.

H. Bozarslan, Sociologie politique du Moyen Orient, 2011.

S. Brouard and V. Tiberj, Rapport au politique des Français issus de l'immigration, 2005.

W. Cadge and E. H. Ecklund, Immigration and Religion, Annual Review of Sociology, vol.33, issue.1, pp.359-379, 2007.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131707

C. Crouch, Social change in Western Europe, 1999.

D. Cl, « La population musulmane en France : de l'ombre à la lumière ? ». Revue française de sociologie, pp.219-265, 2010.

G. Davie, Religion in Britain since 1945, 1994.

L. Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, 1957.

N. Foner and R. Alba, Immigrant Religion in the US and Western Europe; Bridge or barrier to inclusion, International Migration Review, vol.53, issue.1, pp.41-49, 2008.

M. Gauchet, Le désenchantement du monde. Une histoire politique de la religion, 1985.

J. Habermas, Après l'État-nation, 1995.

M. Haller, R. Jowell, and T. Smith, The International Social Survey Programme, 1984.

L. Halman and V. Draulans, How secular is Europe?, The British Journal of Sociology, vol.48, issue.2, pp.263-288, 2006.
DOI : 10.2307/1386688

D. Hervieux-léger, La religion en mouvement : le pèlerin et le converti, 1999.

D. Houtman and P. Mascini, Why Do Churches Become Empty, While New Age Grows? Secularization and Religious Change in the Netherlands, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, vol.41, issue.3, pp.455-473, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-5906.00130

W. James, Varieties of Religious Experiences, 1902.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139149822

F. Khosrokhavar, L'islam des jeunes, 1997.

Y. Lambert and G. Michelat, Le crépuscule des religions chez les jeunes, 1992.

A. Medheb, La maladie de l'islam, 2002.

P. Norris and R. Inglehart, Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, 2004.

R. Putnam and D. Campbell, American Grace, 2010.

H. Redissi, Le pacte de Najdj, 2006.

T. Ramadan, L'islam et le réveil arabe, 2011.

O. Roy, Globalised Islam, The Search of a New Ummah, 2002.

R. Rumbaut, The Crucible within: Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, and Segmented Assimilation among Children of Immigrants, International Migration Review, vol.28, issue.4, pp.748-794, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/2547157

L. Sadiki, POPULAR UPRISINGS AND ARAB DEMOCRATIZATION, International Journal Middle East Studies, vol.32, issue.1, pp.71-95, 2000.
DOI : 10.1017/S002074380002105X

P. Simon and V. Tiberj, Sécularisation ou regain religieux, draft, 2012.

T. Ch, L'âge séculier, 2011.

M. Tribalat, Faire France, 1995.

T. Van and F. , Religious affiliation and attendance among Immigrants in eight Western countries: Individual and contextual effects, Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion, vol.45, issue.1, pp.1-22, 2006.

F. Tubergen and J. Sindradottir, The Religiosity of Immigrants in Europe: A Cross-National Study, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, vol.612, issue.1, pp.272-288, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01567.x

S. Vertovec and A. Rogers, Muslim European Youth: Reproducing Ethnicity, 1998.

H. Vieillard-baron, De l'objet invisible ?? la pr??sence ostensible ? L'islam dans les banlieues, Les Annales de la recherche urbaine, vol.96, issue.1, pp.91-102, 2004.
DOI : 10.3406/aru.2004.2559

D. Voas, Religion in Europe: One theme, many variations, Draft on http, 2004.

M. Waters and T. Jimenez, Assessing Immigrant Assimilation: New Empirical and Theoretical Challenges, Annual Review of Sociology, vol.31, issue.1, pp.105-125, 2005.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100026

M. Weber, Sociologie des religions, 1920.